✅ Selenium (Java) vs Playwright (JS/TS) Commands

1. Browser / Context / Page

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Launch browser	WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();	const browser = await chromium.launch();
Headless mode	new ChromeOptions().addArguments("--headless")	chromium.launch({ headless: true })
New tab / page	driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);	const page = await context.newPage();
Navigate to URL	driver.get(url);	await page.goto(url);
Get URL	driver.getCurrentUrl();	page.url();
Get title	driver.getTitle();	await page.title();
Refresh	driver.navigate().refresh();	await page.reload();
Back	driver.navigate().back();	await page.goBack();
Forward	driver.navigate().forward();	await page.goForward();
Close tab	driver.close();	await page.close();
Quit browser	driver.quit();	await browser.close();

2. Locating Elements

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
CSS	driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("..."));	page.locator("...")
XPath	driver.findElement(By.xpath("..."));	page.locator("xpath=//...")
ID	driver.findElement(By.id("id"));	page.locator("#id")
Name	driver.findElement(By.name("name"));	page.locator("[name='x']")
Class	driver.findElement(By.className("cls"));	page.locator(".cls")
Many elements	driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("..."));	page.locator("...").all()

3. Element Actions

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Click	element.click();	await locator.click();
Type text	element.sendKeys("text");	await locator.fill("text");
Clear	element.clear();	await locator.clear();
Get text	element.getText();	await locator.innerText();
Get attribute	element.getAttribute("href");	await locator.getAttribute("href");
Hover	new Actions(driver).moveToElement(el).perform();	await locator.hover();
Submit	element.submit();	await locator.evaluate(el => el.submit());

4. Keyboard & Mouse

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Keyboard press	element.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);	await page.keyboard.press("Enter");
Mouse move	new Actions(driver).moveByOffset(x,y).perform();	await page.mouse.move(x, y);
Mouse click	new Actions(driver).click().perform();	await page.mouse.click(x, y);
Mouse down/up	clickAndHold() / release()	page.mouse.down() / page.mouse.up()

5. Waits & Synchronization

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Implicit wait	driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);	⚠️ Not recommended
Explicit wait	WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);	await locator.waitFor();
Wait element visible	wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(el));	await locator.waitFor({ state: 'visible' });
Wait for navigation	wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlContains("..."));	await page.waitForLoadState();

6. Frames & Windows

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Switch to frame	driver.switchTo().frame("name");	page.frame({ name: "name" })
Back to main	driver.switchTo().defaultContent();	(auto-scoped, no switch needed)
Switch window	driver.switchTo().window(handle);	context.pages()[i]

7. Cookies

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Get cookies	driver.manage().getCookies();	await context.cookies();
Add cookie	driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("k","v"));	await context.addCookies([{name:'k',value:'v'}])
Delete cookie	driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("k");	await context.clearCookies();

8. JavaScript Execution

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Execute JS	((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("...");	await page.evaluate(() => {...});
With arguments	executeScript("...", arg);	await page.evaluate(arg => {...}, arg);

9. Screenshots

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Full page screenshot	File src = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);	await page.screenshot({ path: "a.png" });
Element screenshot	element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);	await locator.screenshot({ path: "a.png" });

10. Downloads & Uploads

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Upload file	element.sendKeys("/path/file.txt");	await locator.setInputFiles("path/file.txt");
Handle downloads	Manual (Chrome prefs)	const download = await page.waitForEvent("download");

11. Alerts / Dialogs

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Switch to alert	Alert a = driver.switchTo().alert();	page.on('dialog', dialog => {...})
Accept alert	a.accept();	dialog.accept();
Dismiss	a.dismiss();	dialog.dismiss();

12. Network Controls

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Block request	❌ Not supported	await page.route("**/*", route => route.abort());
Modify request	❌ Not supported	page.route("**/*", route => route.continue({ headers }))
Listen to requests	Limited	page.on("request", req => {...})

13. Assertions

Action	Selenium (Java)	Playwright (JS/TS)
Assertions	Use TestNG/JUnit	✔️ Built-in: await expect(locator).toBeVisible()
Expect text	JUnit/TestNG	await expect(locator).toHaveText("value")
Expect attribute	external	await expect(locator).toHaveAttribute("href", "...")