XPath Practice: Mastering XPath Expressions for Effective Web Automation using Contains(), Text(), Starts-With() Function

XPath Tips and Syntax For This Page Exercise :

Using Contains()

Contains() is a method used to identify an element that changes dynamically and when we are familiar with some part of the attribute value of that element.

//HTML tag[contains(@attribute_name,'attribute_value')]

or

//*[contains(@attribute_name,'attribute_value')]

Here are a few examples to demonstrate how to use the Contains() in Selenium:

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.example.com");
WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(), 'Link Text')]"));
link.click();

Using text()

The text() function in XPath can be used to select the text content of an element.

    //*[text()='testdata.com']

Using starts-with()

//HTMLtag[starts-with(@attribute_name,'attribute_value')]
or
//*[starts-with(@attribute_name,'attribute_value')]

Example:
// Navigate to a website
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Select all elements whose class attribute starts with "example-"
List elements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//*[starts-with(@class, 'example-')]"));

Using ID, Class, Style Attribute

//HTMLtag[@attribute_name='attribute_value']
or
//*[@attribute_name='attribute_value']

Using AND

//input[@id='Email' and @name='Email']
 
or
 
//*[@id='Email' and @name='Email']